Circular Shaft Example: 20ft Excavation - Secant Pile Wall
In this example we will design secant pile wall circular shaft, supporting a 20ft excavation. The model and analysis have been designed with DeepEX - Shoring Design Software.
A. Project Description
In this example we will design secant pile wall circular shaft, supporting a 20ft excavation. The Figure below presents the project model. Tables 1 and 2 present the soil properties and the stratigraphy respectively. Table 3 presents the external loads. Tables 4 and 5 present the wall and support properties respectively. The general ground surface is at El. 0ft and the general water table is at El. -50 ft.
Figure: Project model.
Table 1: Soil properties.
Table 2: Stratigraphy.
Soil Layer | Elevation (ft) | OCR | Ko |
F | -0 | 1 | 0.577 |
C | -5 | 1 | 0.515 |
S1 | -18 | 1 | 0.47 |
S2 | -27 | 1 | 0.441 |
Table 3: External loads.
Load | Load Type | Start Point | End Point | Load Magnitude |
Load 1 | Strip Surcharge | (-51,0) | (-1,0) | 0.6 kips |
Table 4: Wall parameters.
Pile width | 1.72 ft |
Steel pile section | W12x96 |
Secant pile spacing | 1.22 ft |
Steel | A50 |
Wall depth | 60 ft |
Table 5: Support parameters.
| Cap Beam | Ring Beam |
Thickness | 3 ft | 1.5 ft |
Depth | 3 ft | 1.5 ft |
Elevation on the wall | Top of the wall | -10 ft |
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B. Modeling with DeepEX
The model will be created using the DeepEX Model Wizard:
Define Analysis Methods:
Figure: Analysis Methods in DeepEX Wizard.
In this dialog, we choose to apply the combination method to our model (Limit Equilibrium and Non-Linear). For the classical earth pressures in design stages with multiple support levels we define FHWA apparent pressures and for the beam analysis we choose CALTRANS method. The combination method will first run the Limit Equilibrium Analysis and calculate the wall embedment FS, and then will run the Non-Linear Analysis and present these results on the tables and on the model area graphically.
Define project type and dimensions
Figure: Project Type and Dimensions in DeepEX Wizard.
In this dialog we select the project type (in this case we select the option to create a circular shaft model). Next, we define the project dimensions (final excavation depth, walls depth, excavation width, top of the wall elevation and water table).
Define soil types and stratigraphy
Figure: Soil Properties and Soil Layers in DeepEX Wizard.
Figure: Soil Properties and Soil Layers dialogs in DeepEX.
In these dialogs we can define the required soil types and the properties for each created soil, as well as, the model stratigraphy by defining the top of the soil layer elevation and the soil type in each layer.
Define wall type and wall section properties
Figure: Wall types in DeepEX Wizard.
Figure: Wall Sections dialog in DeepEX.
In these dialogs we select the wall section type (in this case reinforced concrete diaphragm walls), the wall reinforcement, the wall spacing and the concrete – steel materials.
Supports
In this dialog, we define the dimensions of the supports we wish to use in the model. We will use a cap beam and a ring beam at EL: -10 ft. We check the support types and we define the support dimensions.
Define Stages – Support Elevations
Figure: Support Elevations in DeepEX Wizard.
In this dialog, we define the depth from the surface or each support level, as well as, the depth below each support level where we wish to excavate in the stages, before the support is installed. The software automatically calculates all elevations (excavations and support installation levels) of these defined depths and generates all intermediate construction stages.
Define Surcharge
Figure: Support Elevations in DeepEX Wizard.
In this dialog we define the surcharge type and properties, as well as the surcharge modeling options. In this case we will use a 0.6 kips strip surcharge, developed for 50 ft, starting 1ft behind the left wall. After the model is automatically generated by the software wizard, we can access the stages in the model area and add any required additional loads graphically, using the Draw Loads options in the General tab of DeepEX.
Define structural codes:
Figure: Structural Codes in DeepEX Wizard.
In this dialog, we can define the structural and geotechnical design codes that we wish to assign to this model. In this case, we will use US allowable settings for steel design and ACI for concrete.
The software automatically creates all project construction stages, according to our selections in the Model Wizard. The following Figures present the models in Stage 3:
Figure: Generated Model – Stage 3.
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Design Methods
Several design methods for the wall beam analysis and various geotechnical standards are implemented!
C. Circular Shaft Analysis and Results
Since the model is ready, we can choose to calculate the design section, pressing on the button
After the analysis is succeeded, the Summary table appears. The table below includes some critical checks and values for each construction stage. The last columns of the Analysis and Checking summary Table, present the Circular Shaft results (Hoop Buckling Safety actor, Hoop Force etc). The following figures present some graphical results from the results tab of DeepEX.
Table: DeepEX critical results/stage
Table: DeepEX critical results/stage - Hoop Results
Figure: Wall moment and hoop force diagrams, Stage 3.
Figure: Wall deflections and soil pressures diagrams, Stage 3.
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Projects designed with DeepEX
$2 Billion Hudson Yards, New York | Circular wet soil mix shaft, Florida | Soldier Pile Wall in Manhattan, NY |
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